{"id":50350,"date":"2025-10-28T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.snowtrex.de\/magazin\/?p=50350"},"modified":"2025-10-28T12:00:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T11:00:39","slug":"lyzarske-vazani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.snowtrex.cz\/magazin\/vybaveni\/lyzarske-vazani\/","title":{"rendered":"Ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed – nejlep\u0161\u00ed dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla d\u00edky hodnot\u011b Z, p\u0159\u00edtlaku a Grip Walk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed je to, co udr\u017euje nad\u0161ence zimn\u00edch sport\u016f a jejich vybaven\u00ed na sjezdovce pohromad\u011b. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi ly\u017eemi a ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdmi botami p\u0159ece zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd sjezd je opravdu z\u00e1bavn\u00fd. Z\u00e1kladem je nezbytn\u00e9 vylad\u011bn\u00ed. Ale co m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b hodnota Z spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s bezstarostn\u00fdmi dny na sjezdovce? Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi freeridov\u00fdmi a alpsk\u00fdmi modely? A pro\u010d mohou b\u00fdt ly\u017ea\u0159i r\u00e1di, kdy\u017e se jim v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze n\u00e1hle otev\u0159e vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed? Ot\u00e1zky, na kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed SnowTrex<\/a> poskytuje odpov\u011bdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n \"Prvn\u00ed<\/a>
\u00a9 AS-kom\/shutterstock.de<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Prvn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed bylo vyvinuto v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed a dnes je standardn\u00edm vybaven\u00edm ly\u017ea\u0159\u016f<\/div>\n <\/div > \n

\n <\/span><\/p>\n
\n Obsah\n <\/div>\n
\n Historie ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>Jeden zimn\u00ed sport, mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>Kompaktn\u00ed encyklopedie ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>Ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed je ot\u00e1zkou nastaven\u00ed<\/span><\/a>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/a>Zaho\u010fte star\u00e9 ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159i\u010fte si nov\u00e9<\/span><\/a>Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dotazy k ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9mu v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Historie ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku byl ko\u017een\u00fd \u0159em\u00ednek. Tak lze asi nejl\u00e9pe popsat nejstar\u0161\u00edho „p\u0159edch\u016fdce“ modern\u00edho ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, jak je dnes znaj\u00ed milovn\u00edci zimn\u00edch sport\u016f. Kolem roku 1840 se ly\u017ee v norsk\u00e9 provincii Telemark za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat nejen jako dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edek, ale postupn\u011b tak\u00e9 jako sportovn\u00ed n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed. Aby z\u00edskali spr\u00e1vn\u00fd grip, m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e nasazovali sv\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b velmi primitivn\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 boty do p\u0159ibit\u00fdch \u0159em\u00ednk\u016f. Ty se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vyr\u00e1b\u011bly z b\u0159ezov\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f a pozd\u011bji z k\u016f\u017ee. A zat\u00edmco \u0161pi\u010dka nohy byla pom\u011brn\u011b voln\u011b upevn\u011bna, patou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 st\u00e1le pohybovat nahoru a zase dol\u016f. Tato sekvence pohybu se dodnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i skialpinismu do kopce a telemarkov\u00e9m ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z kopce. Norsk\u00e1 kol\u00e9bka ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dala tak\u00e9 jm\u00e9no charakteristick\u00e9mu v\u00fdpadu p\u0159i dopadu p\u0159i skoc\u00edch na ly\u017e\u00edch, telemarku.<\/p>\n

V roce 1894 Nor Fritz Huitfeldt d\u00e1le vyvinul ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s jednoduchou smy\u010dkou a poprv\u00e9 instaloval k upevn\u011bn\u00ed nohou k ly\u017e\u00edm prstov\u00e9 \u017eelezo. P\u016flkruhov\u00fd kovov\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek na \u0161pi\u010dce byl navr\u017een tak, aby k n\u011bmu bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ipevnit ko\u017een\u00e9 \u0159em\u00ednky. Ty vedly pod\u00e9l podr\u00e1\u017eky a\u017e k pat\u011b, kde byly sv\u00e1z\u00e1ny dohromady. Tato koncepce z\u016fstala pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm standardem a\u017e do 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed. V tomto obdob\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konstrukce vyv\u00edjela krok za krokem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zaveden\u00edm p\u0159ezek, ty\u010d\u00ed a desek z kovu. V roce 1932 n\u00e1pad \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho ly\u017ea\u0159e Guida Reugeho nahradit patn\u00ed p\u00e1sek lanem v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161il veden\u00ed ly\u017e\u00ed. Kovov\u00e1 pru\u017eina vytvo\u0159ila spojen\u00ed se \u0161pi\u010dkou nohy upevn\u011bnou na ly\u017ei a zajistila rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 napnut\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se noha ve v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pohybovala.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edch\u016fdce dne\u0161n\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el na trh v roce 1937. Pot\u00e9, co si Hjalmar Hvam p\u0159i ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zlomil nohy, cht\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit dal\u0161\u00edm zran\u011bn\u00edm. Nor vyvinul v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s kovovou sponou, kter\u00e1 se zasunula do z\u00e1\u0159ezu v podr\u00e1\u017ece ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 boty. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u00e1du se bota d\u00edky rotaci uvolnila z kol\u00edku. To m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek odd\u011blen\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159e od ly\u017ee. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm krokem v oblasti ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed bylo v roce 1950 takzvan\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161pi\u010dku „Look Nevada“. Aby se ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 bota udr\u017eela na ly\u017ei ve st\u0159edu, zasunula se do p\u016flkruhov\u00e9 svorky na \u0161pi\u010dce, kter\u00e1 byla pomoc\u00ed pru\u017einy upnuta do v\u00e1zac\u00edho apar\u00e1tu na ly\u017ei. D\u00edky t\u00e9to konstrukci se mohla svorka vyto\u010dit ven, pokud bo\u010dn\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed p\u0159i p\u00e1du p\u0159ekro\u010dilo ur\u010dit\u00fd odpor, a uvolnit tak ly\u017ea\u0159skou botu. Velc\u00ed v\u00fdrobci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Marker, nakonec tuto konstrukci p\u0159evzali a d\u00e1le ji rozv\u00edjeli. V\u00fdsledkem bylo uveden\u00ed prvn\u00edho modern\u00edho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s patou na trh v roce 1960. Do konce desetilet\u00ed zcela nahradilo tradi\u010dn\u00ed lanov\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed v alpsk\u00fdch zimn\u00edch sportech. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byla nov\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed vyrobena z kovu. Postupn\u011b v\u0161ak konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i do sv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f za\u010dle\u0148ovali st\u00e1le v\u00edce plastov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem bylo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me ze sjezdovek v Alp\u00e1ch a dal\u0161\u00edch ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u0159edisek po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jeden zimn\u00ed sport, mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Milovn\u00edci zimn\u00edch sport\u016f, kter\u00e9 do Alp net\u00e1hne jen ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, obvykle tou\u017e\u00ed po jedin\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i: n\u00e1dhern\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed, sv\u011b\u017e\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch pod nulou a dokonale upraven\u00fdch sjezdovk\u00e1ch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159i v\u0161ak m\u00edsto sjezdu cht\u011bj\u00ed jezdit do kopce, a to nikoli na vleku nebo v gondole, ale v\u00fdhradn\u011b na sv\u00e9m sportovn\u00edm vybaven\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto d\u016fvodu existuj\u00ed pro ka\u017edou z t\u011bchto tras speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Alpsk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Alpsk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed neboli v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010delistmi je absolutn\u00edm standardem. Bez ohledu na ter\u00e9n, a\u0165 u\u017e na sjezdovce nebo v hlubok\u00e9m sn\u011bhu. Za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci, pokro\u010dil\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159i i z\u00e1vodn\u00ed sportovci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd koncept ji\u017e des\u00edtky let. \u0160pi\u010dku zasunete do \u010delist\u00ed vp\u0159edu, patu zatla\u010d\u00edte do zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti automatick\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, zacvaknete a m\u016f\u017eete vyrazit. D\u00edky dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ilnavosti a stabilit\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje alpsk\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pocit p\u0159i sjezdu. \u010casto jsou vyztu\u017eeny spojovac\u00edmi ty\u010demi nebo deskami v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Automatick\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s patou je tak\u00e9 vybaveno ly\u017ea\u0159skou brzdou. P\u0159i uvoln\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na sjezdovce se dv\u011b ty\u010de sklop\u00ed sm\u011brem ke sn\u011bhu a zaryj\u00ed se do studen\u00e9 zem\u011b. To zabra\u0148uje tomu, aby ly\u017ea\u0159 po p\u00e1du musel sl\u00e9zat do poloviny svahu a hledat vlastn\u00ed sportovn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00ed lidi p\u0159ed zbloudil\u00fdmi ly\u017eemi, kter\u00e9 se nekontrolovan\u011b \u0159\u00edt\u00ed po sjezdovce.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na turistick\u00e9 ly\u017ee<\/h3>\n

Pokud se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1te na skialpy do hor, pot\u0159ebujete na ly\u017e\u00edch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jednu v\u011bc: volnost pohybu. Abyste umo\u017enili p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb p\u0159i ch\u016fzi, lze p\u0159i stoup\u00e1n\u00ed uvolnit patu turistick\u00e9ho ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed ze zadn\u00edch \u010delist\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u0161pi\u010dka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pevn\u011b na ly\u017ei. Pro sjezd lze v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na konci p\u0159enastavit tak, aby pata tak\u00e9 pevn\u011b zaklesla, jako u skialpinistick\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Milovn\u00edci zimn\u00edch sport\u016f si v tomto bod\u011b mohou vybrat ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch proveden\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed je v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s r\u00e1mem, u kter\u00e9ho lze krom\u011b pru\u017en\u00e9ho kotevn\u00edho bodu na \u0161pi\u010dce ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 boty uvolnit cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed je v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed s kol\u00edkem. To v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed turistick\u00e9 ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 boty, kter\u00e9 se mohou zacvaknout do kol\u00edk\u016f na \u0161pi\u010dce v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 volnost pohybu p\u0159i t\u00far\u00e1ch, lze automatickou patu bu\u010f oto\u010dit do strany, nebo posunout dozadu.<\/p>\n

Telemarkov\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed technika sjezdu vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed typ v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na turistick\u00e9 ly\u017ee mus\u00ed i u telemarkov\u00e9ho v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fstat pata ly\u017ea\u0159e pru\u017en\u00e1, aby mohl p\u0159i sjezdu prov\u00e1d\u011bt zn\u00e1m\u00e9 v\u00fdpady. Krom\u011b upraven\u00fdch, ale \u010dasto velmi drah\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na turistick\u00e9 ly\u017ee lze pro telemarkov\u00e9 ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zvolit dva v\u00fdrobky. Prvn\u00edm z nich je v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed typu cable pull, kter\u00e9 je vybaveno kovov\u00fdm lankem, je\u017e se utahuje kolem paty m\u00edsto automatick\u00e9ho stahov\u00e1ku paty. Jejich konstrukce je podobn\u00e1 star\u00fdm alpsk\u00fdm v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm z minulosti. Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed je v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u0159emi kol\u00edky. K jejich upevn\u011bn\u00ed na ly\u017ee jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 boty, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed h\u00e1\u010dk\u016f zacvaknou do mal\u00fdch kol\u00edk\u016f v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Ly\u017ea\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bj\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et telemarkov\u00e9 ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, se obvykle doporu\u010duje, aby si ly\u017ee p\u0159ipevnili k noh\u00e1m pomoc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho p\u00e1sku. Ten zabr\u00e1n\u00ed nekontrolovateln\u00e9mu sklouznut\u00ed sportovn\u00edho n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed ze svahu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u00e1du, proto\u017ee telemarkov\u00e9 v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle nen\u00ed vybaveno sn\u011bhovou brzdou jako v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed alpsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed video ukazuje, jak vypad\u00e1 telemarkov\u00e9 ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na sjezdovce:<\/p>\n

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I love TELEMARK<\/div><\/div>
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